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Effects of Growth Ring
- Growth rings are distinctive due to the light and dark colors
- Lighter portion is usually grown in the spring, called “springwood”
- Darker portion is usually grown in the summer, called “summerwood”
Burl Grain
- Also known as curly grain, burly grain, fiddleback, or figure wood
- Causes include knot location, damage to cambium layer of bark, and tree genetics
- Common in most wood types
Tiger Stripe and Cross Fire
- Unique pattern common in Red and White Oak
- Also in Hard and Soft Maple
- Most often found along with burl grain
Bird’s Eye
- Small area where fibers form circular figures on the surface
- Common in Hard Maple
- Rare in other wood types
Knots
- Closed Knot. Flat face with no openings in the surface.
- Open Knot. May occur as a very small pin-sized hole to a large gaping hole.
- Unsound Knot. A portion of the wood will move readily. Also known as a loose knot.
- Sound Knot. Also known as a tight knot. Solid, with no portion moveable. As hard as surrounding wood with no signs of decay.
- Pin Knot. Small, sound, and tight.
- Knot Cluster. A grouping of usually small knots.
Bird Peck
- Woodpecker produces a small hole, which is a starting point for brown to blackish mineral streak
- Most common in Hickory and Cherry
Cat’s Paw
- Cluster of pin knots in the shape of a cat's paw
- Most common in Cherry
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